Section 3.3 · Home exercises · 9 of 9
Home exercise 3.3.9: Spherical capacitor
Spherical capacitor
#Two concentric spherical conductors have radii and . The inner conductor is held at and the outer one is grounded, and there is no charge between them.
(a) Find the charge on the inner conductor.
(b) Find the potential for .
Take (Eq. (1.4.2)). Solve it twice: with Laplace's equation, and with Gauss's law (Section 3.2).
Two routes to the same answer: (1) Laplace's equation (the solution of Problem 3.3.3) followed by , and (2) Gauss's law for the field in terms of the unknown , a line integral for , and the condition to find .
Problem 3.3.3 with and gives
and the charge on the inner conductor follows from times its area :
By Gauss's law the field between the spheres is that of the charge of the inner conductor,
Since , the outer sphere is the reference point, and by Eq. (3.3.12)
At we have , which gives
the same as before. Substituting the values,
Both routes give the same . The values and reproduce the boundary values, and has the unit .
With the exact- value , i.e. , , only about 0.14 % more. The ratio is the capacitance of the spherical capacitor (Section 3.4).